海关检验工作新思路--建立海关检验标准化体系

海关检验是海关对进出口商品进行抽样检验的一种监管模式。本文通过对目前海关检验工作中存在的主要问题的分析，阐述了海关检验工作标准化建设的必要性，并就如何建立海关检验标准阐明了自己的看法。     

Measuring Restrictiveness of Bilateral Trade Policies: A Comparison between Developed and Developing Countries

This paper compares the degree of openness to trade of three developed countries markets—the European Union, Japan, the United States—with that of three middle-income countries, namely Brazil, India, and China. A theoretically consistent protection measure—the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index (MTRI)—is employed to average tariffs at different levels of aggregation. The computation relies on a comparative static applied general equilibrium model (Global Trade Analysis Project—GTAP) featuring imperfect competition as well as on the bilateral applied tariffs included in the most recent version of the GTAP database. Results provide a different picture from what could have been expected given the widely publicized diffusion of preferential schemes supposedly favoring developing countries exports. JEL no.  F17, C68, Q17     

公路桥梁摩擦桩人工挖孔砼护壁优化设计与施工

文章以贵州境内三穗至凯里高速公路寨头II号大桥摩擦桩护壁优化设计与施工为例,阐述了桥梁桩基穿越不良地质地段时摩擦桩人工挖孔护壁的优化方法,以供同类工程参考。     

基于委托-代理的“走出去”或贸易选择分析

目前，我国企业进入国际市场主要采取两种途径：对外直接投资和进出口。除了政策引导外，企业选择“走出去”还是“进出口”需要进行经济分析。委托一代理理论可以给企业提供一个新的分析框架。从委托人的视角看，委托一代理成本一收益法可以衡量代理的效率。从代理方看，由于存在道德风险，声誉机制可以在一定程度上防止代理问题。在声誉机制下，如果子公司管理者选择任职，则企业可以进行对外直接投资；如果管理者选择离职或失业，则企业会通过贸易利用国际市场资源。     

What Determines Financial Development? Culture,Institutions or Trade

This paper endeavours to determine in how far theories emphasising cultural values, dysfunctional institutions or impediments to trade can explain the vast differences in the size of financial systems across the globe. To account for endogeneity, an instrumental variables approach is pursued. For a cross-section of countries, we find that trade openness and institutions constraining the political elite from expropriating financiers tend to promote financial development. Conversely, there is only limited evidence that cultural beliefs and the cost of enforcing financial contracts significantly hamper financial development. JEL no.  F36, G2, O16     

国际经济背景下美元贬值的原因、影响及对策分析

美元贬值主要是由美元与主要经济体货币调整不同步以及方向选择差异而形成。对于不同经济体而言，美元贬值存在着非常分明的正负效应，由此导致了各国政府态度认识上的不同。同时，总体上美元的渐次贬值有利于全球经济走向均衡，但速率过猛的美元贬值却会破坏国际经济的均衡。因此，未来美元的下跌空间会受到限制，“美元危机”只是一个伪命题。     

李嘉图模型与新兴古典贸易模型的比较

在杨小凯消费者—生产者模型研究的基础上,构建了考虑比较优势的新兴古典贸易模型,通过引进劳动生产率参数,得出了两国之间进行国际贸易的基本条件,证明了这一条件不仅与比较优势有关,还与两国固有的国际交易费用有关,从而证实了李嘉图比较优势理论存在的缺陷以及国家或地区之间进行自由贸易的必要性。     

美国的新重商主义与中国的贸易政策选择

当今全球贸易的迅猛发展，使人民的生活质量明显提高，同时国家和社会也得到充足的收入。近十年来，中国经济一直以10％左右的速度增长，到2007年底进出口总额首次超过2万亿美元，达到21738亿美元，在国际社会引起不同的反响，西方社会特别是美国刮起了“中国威胁论”的妖风。在贸易政策中新保守主义抬头，这种新保守主义与传统的经济理论相背离，是破坏力极强的“新重商主义”，中国必须制定出有效合理的贸易政策来应对“新重商主义”的挑战。     

中国与发达国家木材产业内贸易分析

在分析世界木材产业内贸易现状的基础上,利用GL指数对中国与发达国家木材产业内贸易水平进行了测量和分析。分析结果表明:中国与发达国家木材产业内贸易仍然以产业间贸易为主,产业内贸易增长趋势明显。在此基础上,从产业规模化经营、产品的差异性、消费者需求偏好、产品的技术、产品生命周期以及加工贸易等方面,提出提升中国与发达国家木材产业内贸易水平的对策建议。     

China's agriculture,smallholders and trade: driven by the livestock revolution?*

China's sustained rapid economic growth and development has contributed to the surge in consumption and production of livestock in that country  termed the livestock revolution. Consumption trends are first reviewed, and changes in food consumption patterns include a marked shift away from grains and towards meats and dairy products. A question is to what extent this rapid increase in demand for livestock products is reflected in China's agri‐food trade statistics? While her agri‐food imports have dramatically increased since China's accession to the WTO, livestock products have not made a noticeable contribution, although the import of certain animal feedstuffs has. This implies China's continuing self‐sufficiency in most livestock products. The paper next considers developments in China's livestock farming sector and policies that have been contributing to these supply‐side developments. The paper concludes with an examination of issues that may be important to the future development of China's, and the world's, livestock situation;  this includes future demand developments, and the question of whether future demand growth in China might be met with local production, imports of final product, and/or imports of feedstuffs.